See gnarled on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gnarl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ungnarled"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"knurled",
"knurled#English"
],
[
"knurl",
"knurl#English"
],
[
"gnarl",
"gnarl#English"
],
[
"-ed",
"-ed#English"
],
[
"back-formation",
"back-formation"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "gnarl",
"3": "-ed"
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"expansion": "By surface analysis, gnarl + -ed",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested Shakespeare 1603:\n: Thy sharpe and sulpherous bolt Splits the vn-wedgable [unwedgable] and gnarled Oke [oak].\n: Measure for Measure, Act II, scene ii, line 116\nVariant of knurled, from knurl. By surface analysis, gnarl + -ed, though gnarl is a later back-formation. Popular use by 19th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more gnarled",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most gnarled",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
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"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
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{
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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195,
202
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],
"ref": "1914 November, Louis Joseph Vance, “An Outsider […]”, in Munsey’s Magazine, volume LIII, number II, New York, N.Y.: The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], published 1915, →OCLC, chapter I (Anarchy), pages 377–378:",
"text": "Three chairs of the steamer type, all maimed, comprised the furniture of this roof-garden, with […] on one of the copings a row of four red clay flower-pots filled with sun-baked dust from which gnarled and rusty stalks thrust themselves up like withered elfin limbs.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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76,
83
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],
"ref": "2026 March 27, The Monitor's Editorial Board, “When spring bursts forth with renewal”, in The Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Massachusetts: Christian Science Publishing Society, →ISSN, →OCLC:",
"text": "For students of history and culture, the cherry trees’ delicate flowers and gnarled trunks speak to the enduring soft power of global goodwill, culture, and faith in a better future to overcome division, including wartime enmity and destruction.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Knotty and misshapen."
],
"id": "en-gnarled-en-adj-wQiF6uB-",
"links": [
[
"Knotty",
"knotty"
],
[
"misshapen",
"misshapen"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "sutır",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "сутыр"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "čepat",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "чепат"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "čvorest",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "чворест"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "nuós"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "zkroucený"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "sukovitý"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "knoestig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "misvormd"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "pahkainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "ryhmyinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "noueux"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "ratatiné"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "knorrig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "fadharcánach"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "cnapánach"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bitorzoluto"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "nodoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "cotur",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "чотур"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "pūioio"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "pūwharawhara"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "sękaty"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "korjávyj",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "коря́вый"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "čodur",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "чодур"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "nudoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "knotig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "çutır",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "чутыр"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kostrubátyj",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "коструба́тий"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "korjávyj",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "коря́вий"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vuzluvátyj",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "вузлува́тий"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "chotir"
}
]
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"Made rough by age or hard work."
],
"id": "en-gnarled-en-adj-5ekL92sH",
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"rough"
],
[
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"age"
],
[
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"hard"
],
[
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"work"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "made rough by age or hard work",
"word": "noueux"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "made rough by age or hard work",
"word": "casta"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "korjávyj",
"sense": "made rough by age or hard work",
"word": "коря́вий"
}
]
}
],
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"tags": [
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]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gnarly"
}
],
"word": "gnarled"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"knurled",
"knurled#English"
],
[
"knurl",
"knurl#English"
],
[
"gnarl",
"gnarl#English"
],
[
"-ed",
"-ed#English"
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"extra": "Etymology 1",
"word": "gnarl"
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"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-gnarled-en-verb-bbQkn-mz",
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"gnarl#English"
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"Terms with Catalan translations",
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"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Southern Altai translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations"
],
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{
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],
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"form": "more gnarled",
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},
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"text": "Three chairs of the steamer type, all maimed, comprised the furniture of this roof-garden, with […] on one of the copings a row of four red clay flower-pots filled with sun-baked dust from which gnarled and rusty stalks thrust themselves up like withered elfin limbs.",
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],
"ref": "2026 March 27, The Monitor's Editorial Board, “When spring bursts forth with renewal”, in The Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Massachusetts: Christian Science Publishing Society, →ISSN, →OCLC:",
"text": "For students of history and culture, the cherry trees’ delicate flowers and gnarled trunks speak to the enduring soft power of global goodwill, culture, and faith in a better future to overcome division, including wartime enmity and destruction.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Knotty and misshapen."
],
"links": [
[
"Knotty",
"knotty"
],
[
"misshapen",
"misshapen"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Made rough by age or hard work."
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"age",
"age"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"work",
"work"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nɑː(ɹ)ld/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gnarled.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gnarled.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gnarled.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gnarled.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gnarled.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gnarly"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "sutır",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "сутыр"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "čepat",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "чепат"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "čvorest",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "чворест"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "nuós"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "zkroucený"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "sukovitý"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "knoestig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "misvormd"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "pahkainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "ryhmyinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "noueux"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "ratatiné"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "knorrig"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "fadharcánach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "cnapánach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bitorzoluto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "nodoso"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "cotur",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "чотур"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "pūioio"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "pūwharawhara"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "sękaty"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "korjávyj",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "коря́вый"
},
{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"roman": "čodur",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "чодур"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "nudoso"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "knotig"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "çutır",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "чутыр"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kostrubátyj",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "коструба́тий"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "korjávyj",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "коря́вий"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vuzluvátyj",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "вузлува́тий"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "knotty and misshapen",
"word": "chotir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "made rough by age or hard work",
"word": "noueux"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "made rough by age or hard work",
"word": "casta"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "korjávyj",
"sense": "made rough by age or hard work",
"word": "коря́вий"
}
],
"word": "gnarled"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms suffixed with -ed",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Southern Altai translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"knurled",
"knurled#English"
],
[
"knurl",
"knurl#English"
],
[
"gnarl",
"gnarl#English"
],
[
"-ed",
"-ed#English"
],
[
"back-formation",
"back-formation"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gnarl",
"3": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, gnarl + -ed",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested Shakespeare 1603:\n: Thy sharpe and sulpherous bolt Splits the vn-wedgable [unwedgable] and gnarled Oke [oak].\n: Measure for Measure, Act II, scene ii, line 116\nVariant of knurled, from knurl. By surface analysis, gnarl + -ed, though gnarl is a later back-formation. Popular use by 19th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gnarled",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Etymology 1",
"word": "gnarl"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple past and past participle of gnarl (Etymology 1)"
],
"links": [
[
"gnarl",
"gnarl#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nɑː(ɹ)ld/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gnarled.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gnarled.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gnarled.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gnarled.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gnarled.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
}
],
"word": "gnarled"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English verb forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"gnarl",
"gnarl#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Etymology 2"
},
"expansion": "(Etymology 2)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See gnarl (Etymology 2).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gnarled",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Etymology 2",
"word": "gnarl"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple past and past participle of gnarl (Etymology 2)"
],
"links": [
[
"gnarl",
"gnarl#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nɑː(ɹ)ld/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gnarled.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gnarled.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gnarled.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gnarled.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gnarled.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
}
],
"word": "gnarled"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gnarled meaning in All languages combined (11.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.